1.   Previous study of colonic pressures in paediatric patients has been limited mainly to the rectosigmoid area, because of relative inaccessibility of the proximal colon.

2.   It is likely that the drug would be more effective in the proximal colon.

3.   Delayed release mesalazine formulations release their contents rapidly in the distal small intestine and proximal colon.

4.   Cellular proliferation was increased in the proximal colon and there was a shift of proliferating cells to a higher region in each crypt.

5.   The labelling index was higher in the proximal colon than in the distal colon for both groups of rats.

6.   The butyric acid concentration was particularly high in the proximal colon and this has been reported to induce diffrentiation in colonic cancer cell lines.

7.   In controls, we found similar rates of butyrate metabolism in the ascending and descending colon, but greater rates of glutamine metabolism in the proximal colon.

8.   The proximal colon and the small intestine are also thought to be dysfunctional in IBS.

9.   Nor do we yet have evidence that removal of proximal adenomas prevents proximal colon cancer.