1.   As a result, once trading begins, most IPOs rise in value.

2.   Before trading began, the Commerce Department announced that retail sales barely rose in December.

3.   But when trading began in New York, the chip shares rose instead of falling.

4.   Companies with U.S.-traded shares rose as the futures market indicated U.S. shares will climb when trading begins.

5.   Despite the lower offering price, shares still sank when trading began Monday.

6.   In fact, if you bought shares of new companies after trading began, it is likely you may have lost money.

7.   Instead, they buy shares, often at inflated prices, once trading begins.

8.   Just last week, trading began on the Cantor Exchange, the first electronic futures exchange in the United States.

9.   On other markets, trading began in electricity futures while coffee prices fell.

10.   Once trading began, investors were spooked by profit warnings from companies ranging from securities broker Charles Schwab Corp. to computer-chip maker Advanced Micro Devices Inc.