1.   The neutron-scattering techniques that led to the physics prize have been routine in laboratories throughout the world for many years.

2.   The three winners of the physics prize and the two winners of the chemistry award are all university professors in the United States.

3.   The slowing of atoms, for which the physics prize was given, removed a barrier to the study of these basic components of matter.

4.   An American scientist and a Japanese colleague won an Israeli physics prize Tuesday for their work with mysterious tiny particles known as neutrinos.

5.   It is the second year in a row that the physics prize has gone for work done at temperatures near absolute zero.

6.   Last year, the physics prize was awarded for research that led to the pocket calculator, microchips and satellite communications.

7.   Robert Laughlin, Horst Stormer and Daniel Tsui share the physics prize for discovering how electrons can change behavior.

8.   The citation accompanying the physics prize noted that the research has recently shed unexpected light on the first moments of the universe.

9.   The physics prize is announced Tuesday, the prizes in chemistry and economics come Wednesday and the peace prize winner is named Friday.

10.   The physics prize went to Martin L. Perl of Stanford University and Frederick Reines of the University of California-Irvine for work on subatomic particles.