61.   In an opinion written by Scalia, the court said private individuals have a right to sue only when a federally funded program involves intentional race or ethnic discrimination.

62.   In an opinion by Scalia, the court ruled that Congress did not intend private individuals to be able to bring suits under Title VI except for intentional discrimination.

63.   In the programs challenged in this case, Congress has acted both with respect to private individuals and, as in Fullilove, with respect to the States themselves.

64.   It has never been used to prosecute officeholders who made calls from their government offices to private individuals.

65.   Insurance companies and wealthy private individuals would also be able to use the funds to invest abroad.

66.   It makes Medicaid unenforceable by private individuals.

67.   It would apply to present or former government officials and private individuals with security clearances.

68.   It would have applied to present or former government officials and private individuals with security clearances.

69.   It will also allow private individuals and local district attorneys to bring civil lawsuits for damages against those who unlawfully obstruct clinic access.

70.   It may similarly adopt a contentneutral policy prohibiting private individuals and groups from erecting unattended displays in forums around public buildings.