41.   Laitman thinks that Neanderthals breathed more through their noses than modern humans do.

42.   Modern humans then emerged in different regions through separate evolution and interbreeding.

43.   Most of the ancient apes vanished, but from a common ancestor, modern apes evolved in one direction and the primitive predecessors of modern humans went another.

44.   Neanderthals and modern humans presumably were more alike than different, not a separate species or even subspecies, but two groups who viewed each other as appropriate mates.

45.   Plausible, yes, and the bacteria grew into modern humans who, for mysterious primeval genetic reasons, get extremely cranky when the airline flights are delayed.

46.   Perhaps, paleontologists are thinking, the fossils represent an extremely primitive form of the Neanderthals, those enigmatic relatives who were pushed aside by modern humans.

47.   Rightmire said he saw no reason yet to reconsider his idea that Homo heidelbergensis was the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans.

48.   Similar liberating tactics were employed by modern humans who first encountered their larger, stronger and stupider primate cousins.

49.   Soon thereafter the Leakeys discovered the remains of Homo habilis, a toolmaking handyman that was the earliest known ancestor of modern humans.

50.   Tattersall and Schwartz believe that their discovery of yet another basic difference in Neanderthal anatomy supports the view that Neanderthals and modern humans are separate species.