1.   On Friday, Perez testified that the clash began when Slavin, whom he pointed to in the courtroom, smacked Estrada on the head with a post-hole digger.

2.   Others said the clash began when Palestinian gunmen opened fire.

3.   Rakhum was the youngest Israeli killed since violent clashes began in September between Israelis and Palestinians.

4.   Since the clashes began five weeks ago, Arafat has not yet personally appealed to the Palestinians for peace.

5.   Some Aristide supporters threw rocks -- and the bloody clashes began.

6.   Soon the clashes began.

7.   The clashes began in late November after President Daniel arap Moi, in a visit to the perimeter of the slum, remarked that rents ought to be reduced.

8.   The prayers were essentially over when the clash began.

9.   Tuesday, the clashes began with a few handfuls of blue-uniformed police piling out of pickup trucks swinging clubs.

10.   When more showed up, police moved in to disperse the crowd, and the clash began.