1.   Cogan argued that Bush could make other savings in military spending to offset the costs.

2.   Keynes, having found the problem, saw no reason to be shy about solutions, calling for enormous government spending to offset the decline in business investment.

3.   Meanwhile, economic policy should encourage other spending to offset the temporary slump in business investment.

4.   Japan has been stuck in an eight-year economic slump and has avoided recession by increasing government spending to offset a shrinking private sector.