1.   A formal investigation gives the SEC subpoena power, and companies will often do everything they can to cooperate to avoid having subpoenas issued, particularly to customers.

2.   Even people who tend to be selfish cooperate in order to avoid embarrassment, Gintis said.

3.   Georgia and South Carolina could cooperate to avoid head-to-head competition, Johnson said.

4.   Senate moderates believe they can continue to take the lead, swaying the more conservative House and President Bush to cooperate to avoid gridlock.

5.   Many of the Kurds involved refused to cooperate to avoid incriminating themselves, Karge said.