11.   If a country ignores that decision, other WTO members are authorized to retaliate by slapping duties on the exports of the offending country.

12.   Makonnen said the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has repeatedly summoned ambassadors from the offending countries to demand the rent but without much success.

13.   Once a final decision is made against an offending country, the government has to change the policy, pay compensation or risk facing trade sanctions.

14.   That eventually could bring U.S. trade sanctions in WTO cases that the United States wins and the offending countries refuse to eliminate the offending barriers.

15.   The bill proposes to target offending countries by excluding them from non-humanitarian aid, banning certain exports to them and depriving them of loans by international financial institutions.

16.   The president may waive sanctions if he decides that it is in the national interest to do so or that the offending country has improved.

17.   He did not name offending countries.