1.   Scholars now believe that tattooing has existed throughout history, in almost all cultures, signifying everything from tribal affiliation to deathless devotion to Mom.

2.   People elect deputies on the basis of kinship, tribal affiliation and clan rivalries.

3.   It quoted Smadi as saying that he won with public support and not because of tribal affiliation, a key consideration in Jordanian politics.

4.   Only residents, recognized by their tribal affiliation and dialect, were allowed anywhere near Parachinar, where the escape saga began Wednesday.

5.   The polls were praised by international observers as free and fair and hailed as a step toward democracy in this impoverished country riven by tribal affiliations.

6.   They include several independents who are counting on their tribal affiliations.

7.   Tribal affiliation remains a strong element of Yemeni society, especially in rural areas, giving elders great influence over clan members.

8.   Tribal affiliations would be harder to maintain under such conditions, and the Maori language would decline, although it would be used for formal occasions, he said.