1.   The productivity of existing resources is alleged to rise in response to the threat to established markets provoked by tariff free trade between union partners.

2.   The commercial paper market might still challenge these established markets, although for the reasons discussed above it has not yet developed critical mass.

3.   All four countries, incidentally, are established markets for STAR TV.

4.   Compaq and IBM also will use lower prices, brand-recognition and established market presence to maintain their lead in global market share.

5.   In the past year, however, Internet phone companies have sprung up on almost every continent, making rapid inroads into established markets despite their lower quality.

6.   Meanwhile in established markets, the once retro occupation of Avon Lady is beginning to seem surprisingly modern.

7.   Most Asian sales came from established markets, such as Japan, Taiwan and Singapore.

8.   Novo said it will continue to expand in this area, though improving market share in established markets is difficult.

9.   Single-country funds for retail investors are terribly volatile and risky even when they focus on more established markets, Tripple said.