41.   In acute infections of ruminants, severe dark green diarrhoea is the main clinical sign and there is usually a rapid loss of weight and sometimes submandibular oedema.

42.   This is based on clinical signs and post-mortem examination.

43.   The clinical signs are likely to be few, and since most of the damage occurs during the prepatent phase, eggs may not be found in the urine.

44.   This is based on clinical signs and the finding of eggs in the faeces.

45.   This depends on the clinical signs and history supplemented by haematological and faecal examination.

46.   In areas where A. caninum is absent, the clinical signs of the patent infection together with the demonstration of strongyle eggs in the faeces is indicative of uncinariasis.

47.   The common clinical signs usually seen only in very young animals, are diarrhoea, anorexia, dullness, loss of weight or reduced growth rate.

48.   Otherwise, clinical signs are absent except in the occasional case of intestinal or biliary obstruction.

49.   In mild to moderate infections, there are no clinical signs during the pulmonary phase of larval migration.

50.   This depends on clinical signs and the presence of spherical thick-shelled eggs on faecal examination.