11.   Five patients had additional selective gastric vagotomy because of excessive gastric acid or a history of duodenal ulcer.

12.   Duodenal ulcer disease has traditionally been associated with excess secretion of gastric acid.

13.   This implies incomplete mixing of gastric acid with the food mass.

14.   Injury of the oesophageal mucosa can result from exposure to refluxed gastric acid and pepsin.

15.   Doctors have assumed that one result of aging was a decline in the secretion of gastric acids.

16.   Tagamet, approved for ulcers, is often used in children to treat reflux, in which gastric acids back up in the esophagus.

17.   Without the coat, gastric acids and enzymes can attack the gut directly.