11.   Senators are elected nationwide and the upper chamber wields considerable power.

12.   Senators are elected nationwide.

13.   Senators are elected under a system of quota-based proportional representation.

14.   Senators are elected for six years and representatives for four.

15.   Senators are elected in the nation at large, rather than in a regional constituency.

16.   Senators were elected by secret ballot at regional conferences and, in Almaty, at a city conference of electors.

17.   Senators are elected nationwide in the Philippines, while House members are chosen by district.

18.   Senators would be elected rather than appointed by the prime minister and watchdog bodies would be set up to monitor human rights, corruption and elections.

19.   Such senators should be elected at a party convention and serve for a three-year term.

20.   Twelve senators will be elected in nationwide balloting.