1.   Foner emphasized that even before the war, freed blacks had established a network of institutions, churches, schools and mutual benefit societies.

2.   He also involved himself in other issues affecting freed blacks.

3.   On arriving here, freed blacks encountered a wall of racism.

4.   Revolutionary fervor, for one, resulted in freed blacks getting the vote in North Carolina, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Vermont.

5.   The rough-hewn skeleton of a cabin rises above a map of Staten Island, where freed blacks once harvested oysters from New York harbor.

6.   Philadelphia had one of the largest communities of freed blacks among the colonies.

7.   It was created after the Civil War by Congress to help newly freed blacks make the transition from slavery to freedom.

8.   Just as important, the Jubilee Singers helped keep alive a private university where freed blacks could pursue an education.