1.   A citation noted that his original and outstanding work led to the development of the pacemaker, closed-chest defibrillator, and cardiac monitors.

2.   The citation noted that, after firing its torpedoes, the Seawolf was often the target of prolonged depth-charge attacks by Japanese destroyers.

3.   The citation also noted that the research has been used recently to shed unexpected light on the first moments of the universe.

4.   The Nobel citation noted that the research has recently shed unexpected light on the first moments of the universe.