11.   The excuse that currency trading provides market forces with the means to discipline governments is totally unacceptable, he said, as currency traders thrive on unstable currencies.

12.   The main causes were capital flight because of fear over poor policies and corporations shielding against unstable domestic currencies by buying dollars, Rubin said.

13.   In a previous bulletin, the bank said it was concentrating on more feasible investment instruments due to unstable currency exchange rates and deposits.