11.   The gene probably controls long-term food intake, not the hour-by-hour changes in appetite that determine when one feels hungry.

12.   The normal gene controls the formation of adipocytes, or fat-storing cells.

13.   The neglectful mice, produced by obliterating just one gene, provide one of the clearest demonstrations yet of how genes can control behavior.

14.   The trio was cited by the medicine committee of the Karolinska Institute for discoveries related to how genes control early embryonic development.

15.   Two more genes control these three, insuring that they are active only when vancomycin is present.

16.   Americans Edward B. Lewis and Eric F. Wieschaus and German Christiane Nuesslein-Volhard won the Nobel Prize for medicine for studies of how genes control early embryo development.

17.   Lewis investigated how genes could control the further development of individual body segments into specialized organs.

18.   Lewis, meanwhile, investigated how genes could control development of individual body segments into specialized organs.

19.   The genes there control a wide variety of characteristics like eye color.

20.   The medicine winners Monday were Americans Edward Lewis and Eric Wieschaus, and German Christiane Nuesslein-Volhard, who discovered how genes control embryo growth.