11.   According to Marshall, when supply exceeded demand in any market, the forces of competition would exert downward pressure on the price peculiar to that market.

12.   In this case either there will be downward pressure on interest rates, or the authorities will have to take other measures to reduce this liquidity.

13.   This downward pressure may be increased by underwriters or accepting shareholders selling offeror shares in the market following the takeover.

14.   The Treasury said inflationary expectations had improved and that downward pressure on inflation continued.

15.   This means that the supply of money exceeds the demand for money and so downward pressure is exerted on the rate of interest.

16.   In fact, there will be an excess supply of goods and services on the market which will exert downward pressure on prices.

17.   Downward pressure on SSD budgets will inevitably conflict with increasing demand, it says.

18.   An artificially high yen would create downward pressure on domestic prices, which is the last thing the country needs.

19.   And Edward Leamer of the University of California at Berkeley has found that Chinese apparel makers do indeed exert downward pressure on wages here.

20.   An increase in amenities and benefits for these people would almost certainly lead to downward pressure on wages or increased unemployment.