11.   A federal appeals court upheld the tests as legitimate efforts to reduce crack cocaine use by pregnant women.

12.   A federal appeals court upheld the tests as legitimate efforts by the hospital to reduce crack cocaine use by pregnant women.

13.   A lower court upheld the tests as legitimate efforts by the hospital to reduce crack cocaine use by pregnant women.

14.   But senior police officers said the country was on the crime wave was growing and was fueled by crack cocaine use.

15.   The report said, however, that crack cocaine use was increasing in cities such as Johannesburg, South Africa, and Lagos, Nigeria.

16.   Criminologist Andrew Karmen said a drop in crack cocaine use, a strong economy and better police work were probably responsible for safer streets.