1.  Officials at the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities have criticized the law, and the association representing financial aid officers has taken a formal stand against it.

2.  The federation does not take a formal stand on the question of whether a nuclear space accident could harm humans, Pike said.

3.  The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety promulgates studies warning about cellphone safety but has made no formal stand in favor of legislated restrictions.

4.  However, he told The Associated Press that Hamas will make a formal stand on the Saudi plan later.

5.  While the Episcopal church takes that formal stand, it lets dioceses do what they wish.