1.  A field test is a more formal means of ratification in which the draft criteria are applied on a trial basis.

2.  An accounting system is a formal means of gathering and communicating financial data.

3.  Cuba has no recording industry and no formal means of distributing the music.

4.  It had no formal means of enforcement and plenty of room for activities that were ambiguous as to whether they were defensive or offensive.

5.  They built a formal means of contacting one another in a crisis, including constantly monitored hot lines.

6.  Union leaders argue that workfare jobs do not offer the merit pay, promotion opportunities and formal means of lodging complaints that they believe make work so rewarding.