1.   Outside the state apparatuses public opinion was becoming increasingly polarized over the contentious issue of greater state powers.

2.   State bureaucracies are responsive to elites who do not occupy formal positions in the state apparatus.

3.   The fragmentation of the state apparatus also conveniently diverts the class struggle to multiple fronts.

4.   The power that small hill farmers and poorer urban dwellers have in the state apparatus and in society at large is negligible.

5.   There was no large, autonomous middle class apart from the state apparatus.