1.   It helps to visualize how an ion channel or a quantum dot operates normally.

2.   Quantum dots trap electrical charges, producing lasers for transmitting digital data.

3.   Researchers have experimented with quantum dots before, but making them is tricky.

4.   The beam loads the quantum dots with energy, causing them to fire off photons.

5.   When an electric current is injected into a cavity, the electrons combine with the quantum dots to generate light.