1.   In older patients this effect can cause bone loss and loosening of alumina based implants.

2.   New-onset headaches in the older patient suggest either depression or such serious diseases as mass lesions or temporal arteritis.

3.   Resting anal pressure in older patients did not differ significantly from that in younger patients either before or after the operation.

4.   Both sensory and reflex anal functions were preserved as well after operation in the older patients as in the younger ones.

5.   We wondered whether, if these criteria were satisfied, the benefits of restorative proctocolectomy might be extended to older patients.

6.   Resting and pressure in older patients did not differ significantly from that in younger patients, either before or after operation.

7.   The maximum squeeze pressure in older patients did not differ significantly from that in younger patients, either before or after operation.

8.   Thus it should not be assumed that older patients with ulcerative colitis have weaker sphincters than younger patients.