1.   Relations between South Africa and the homeland government were strained.

2.   Plotters who tried to overthrow a black homeland government five years ago have been pardoned by President Nelson Mandela and released from prison.

3.   Buthelezi built his power base in KwaZulu-Natal in part through patronage from tribal leaders paid for years by the homeland government he led.

4.   The shootings occurred when ANC marchers left the stadium and were fired on by troops of the now-defunct black homeland government.

5.   Though nominally independent, few other countries recognized the often corrupt homeland governments and many blacks saw their officials as collaborating with white rule.