1.   The vertical wall of the silicon notch acted as the gate electrode, applying the electric current that turned current on and off between the gold electrodes.

2.   They placed a layer of aluminum oxide on top a neatly stacked crystal of buckyballs and then gold electrodes on the aluminum oxide.

3.   However, single strands of DNA molecules are attached to the gold electrodes that are traditionally used as connectors.

4.   The solution is poured from a beaker onto gold electrodes, and the transistors form by themselves.