1.   In September, the fighting closed the airport in the capital Hargeisa where militia loyal to the former president, Toure Ali, were forcing planes to pay fees.

2.   The fighting closed the highway that links Ghazni to Kabul, a development that could further reduce the supplies reaching the capital.

3.   The fighting closed a road linking Cotabato to the nearby city of General Santos, a major fishing port.

4.   The fighting closed the two main roads linking the capital to the northern half of the country, they said.

5.   The fighting has closed roads and airports.

6.   The fighting has closed the road between Kabul and Maidan Shahr and distracted Taliban soldiers from their assault in eastern Afghanistan.

7.   The fighting has closed the road between Kabul and Maidan Shahr and temporarily ended a Taliban assault against government forces in Hazera in eastern Logar province.

8.   Witnesses said the fighting closed a southern airport and the main highway.