1.   A TriFlex controller uses high-speed buffers to manage data flow between the buses.

2.   Currently, radio data messages from pilots are the only tool controllers can use to estimate plane positions on ocean crossings.

3.   Controllers used to be able to separate planes without the use of radar by keeping track through the aid of radio beacons.

4.   Exactly when controllers will use ASDE remains unclear, however, because no rules have been established.

5.   Hamre, however, was able to stay on the frequency to talk with the girl, and then switch to the frequency used by controllers, officials said.

6.   The backup system that controllers use when the main system is down, or being replaced, is referred to as DARC.

7.   The radar in question is a new generation of long-range radar used by controllers in centers that generally handle planes at higher altitudes.

8.   The safety board also said that although the air traffic controllers considered their workload moderate, the ground controller was using seven frequencies and monitoring almost constant communication.

9.   The system hardly ever shuts down completely, but it tends to lose features that the air traffic controllers use to juggle more and more planes on their screens.

10.   The UPS Airlines system would replace radar, the technology that air traffic controllers use to locate a plane in flight.