1.   Physicians who have deferred or waffled on testing are losing their licenses and seeing their malpractice insurance carriers pay out millions of dollars to bereaved families in the process.

2.   Under current law, both cable and direct-to-home satellite carriers pay set fees to retransmit broadcast signals.

3.   At present, domestic and foreign carriers pay for air traffic control services only when their planes land and take off in Japan, Yamakoshi said.

4.   The U.S. ruling would reduce the amount U.S. telephone carriers pay to countries such as Jamaica for international calls originating in the United States.