1.   He, too, came from a Roman family and perhaps in some way had been the patron of the young cardinal deacon of SS.

2.   Perhaps if he had not been created a cardinal deacon he would have stayed in Bologna longer.

3.   Celestine had maintained power through an inner caucus of some seven to ten cardinals, a group that did not include the young Lothar, cardinal deacon of SS.

4.   As a cardinal deacon, he became part of the papal civil service, acting on occasion as auditor of lawsuits and witnessing administrative acts of the curia.