1.   Gill et al studied the effects of fundoplication on basal lower oesophageal sphincter pressures and oesophageal body motility in patients with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

2.   No grouping had basal upper oesophageal sphincter pressure that differed significantly from any other.

3.   These relaxations are a more likely explanation for oesophagopharyngeal reflux than defective basal upper oesophageal sphincter tone.