1.   In September, a bone specialist determined that Keone is suffering from avascular necrosis, which causes bones to die from lack of blood.

2.   Kovacs, one of those who detected the first cases, said his team performed magnetic resonance imaging tests confirming that the pain resulted from avascular necrosis.

3.   Olinger, who did a stint on the Tommy Armour minitour, suffers from bilateral avascular necrosis, a painful hip disability.

4.   The disorder is known as osteonecrosis, or avascular necrosis, because the death of bone results from a lack of blood supply.