71.   The role of most genes is to make specific proteins, which are the working parts of human cells.

72.   The process begins when scientists choose a gene that directs cells to make the protein they want to produce.

73.   The sequence of nucleotides serves as a chemical code, determining which protein the gene makes.

74.   The scientists believe the gene makes a protein that is embedded in the membrane of brain cells.

75.   These genes make proteins that directly inhibit growth of the cell.

76.   They make proteins that prevent cells from dividing too rapidly.

77.   They would do this by using chimeraplasty to knock out the gene that makes proteins called prions in the sheep.

78.   This stops them from making a protein called leptin, which is known to suppress appetite and metabolism in mice.

79.   Transkaryotic claims that its protein is made in human skin cells instead of through the traditional method of splicing genes into animal or bacteria cells.

80.   Were the beneficial effects a result of stopping further erosion of the cartilage or making new proteins to replace what was gone?