61.   Divorce rates in Scotland are following a similar trend, although they are roughly five years later in taking effect.

62.   Very often, an act has a clause in it saying that it will take effect only when an order is issued by the appropriate Secretary of State.

63.   The proof will be in whether solid but undramatic encouragement on the supply side can take effect before the delayed but severe clawback on the demand side strikes.

64.   The real impact of the Budget will, however, take effect next year.

65.   In an unusual departure, the rises will not begin to take effect until next year, but petrol and cigarette prices are to go up immediately.

66.   If conditions subsequently permit some slackening of the measures, that can easily be done, especially as the major tax changes do not take effect for a year.

67.   These transfers would take effect when netted out with all other transactions across the operational balances of each bank with the Bank of England.

68.   New and more stringent financial constraints and other commercial pressures on management required appropriate organizational channels through which to take effect.

69.   Also propelling change are government guidelines that took effect at the beginning of the year.