61.   In Joyce v Sengupta, the Vice Chancellor said that essential ingredients for an action in trade libel were falsity and malice.

62.   The fact that an action in negligence lies without the need for a contract is important both for computer program writers and manufacturers of computer equipment.

63.   There is also the policy argument that a threat spoken in the dark may be more frightening than one accompanied by actions in the light.

64.   The Act does not apply to actions in deceit.

65.   His action in riding on the tow bar had sufficient causal potency to be regarded as a cause of his injuries.

66.   The common law was opposed to actions in tort and the landlord was immune from a tort action in respect of dangerous premises.

67.   Bertram might be well advised to bring his action in the alternative, under the Act and in common law negligence.

68.   It is normal for actions in such cases to be pleaded in the alternative.

69.   An action for breach of statutory duty would have given a strict liability action in many cases of road traffic accidents.

70.   This is used with industrial safety statutes such as the Welding Regulations to give employees injured by a breach of statutory duty an action in damages.