51.   Some lawmakers want to abolish remedial courses altogether.

52.   Some states, including Massachusetts, have begun efforts to reduce or eliminate remedial courses at public four-year colleges, saying that it is too costly.

53.   Such limits are more moderate than those in a previous version the board was considering, which would have eliminated remedial courses at the senior colleges.

54.   Students who failed a remedial course twice would also be directed to intensive workshops.

55.   That has allowed the college to all but eliminate remedial courses, which drain resources, Ms. Reantillo said.

56.   The board appears to be seeking a middle ground that makes changes that are radical enough to satisfy the mayor but still leave remedial courses within the CUNY system.

57.   The first failure would lead to placement in intensive remedial courses funded by the state.

58.   The heralded revolution in government should start with a remedial course in American values.

59.   The percentage that had taken remedial courses was also at record levels.

60.   The new standards coincide with moves to abolish remedial courses at state universities, making it even more difficult for poorly prepared students to succeed.