51.   If cancer spread systematically in a predictable way, as Halstead proposed, mammography could make a major difference.

52.   If the cancer has not spread, Tutu said he plans to undergo cryosurgery, which will freeze the affected tissue with liquid nitrogen.

53.   If they find the cancer has spread, radiation therapy may also be needed.

54.   If prostate cancer spreads beyond the gland, a man usually is considered incurable.

55.   If the cancer has spread, radiation or chemotherapy may be in order.

56.   If there are indications that the cancer may have spread, the surgeon will also remove lymph nodes in the neck to check for the presence of cancer cells.

57.   If the cancer had spread, the donated organ was considered too precious to implant in the body of someone whose life might be taken quickly by the disease.

58.   If the cancer has spread before transplant surgery, the chances of producing a lasting cure by giving the patient a healthy new organ are very slight.

59.   In addition, the way doctors examine women to see if their cancers have spread has improved.

60.   In advanced stages, when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, patients can experience extreme pain.