41.   Although the trial judge was a civilian, he was required to take an oath of allegiance to the military authorities before handling the case.

42.   Among other things, the court concluded, the trial judge gave far too much weight to the word of the police officers.

43.   An Idaho trial judge agreed with VW and threw out the suit.

44.   Among those who had recently called for a pardon was the trial judge in the case, William A. Bootle of federal District Court in Macon, Ga.

45.   An instant later, the trial judge, Shirley Tolentino, told him he was free to go.

46.   An interlocutory appeal can make it more difficult for trial judges to do their basic job supervising trial proceedings.

47.   An Ohio trial judge ruled in favor of the state, and the decision was upheld by a state appeals court.

48.   And the court said that because the trial judge never held a hearing about the breakup order or properly explained its basis, the order had to be reversed.

49.   And the FBI knew much more about the spy ring than it told President Truman or the trial judge.

50.   Appeals courts at a distance are reluctant to overturn the factual findings of trial judges.