41.   Short-term high-quality bond funds tend to be the safest of all.

42.   Some support has built in recent years for the assertion that top and bottom funds tend to remain in their respective camps.

43.   The authors said that trading by institutional investors has increased spreads because these funds tend to place large, irregularly spaced orders.

44.   The authors suspect that this is a corollary of the size issue, since newer funds tend to be smaller.

45.   The booming stock market has helped as well, since stock funds tend to be a strong suit for companies that sell funds directly to the public.

46.   The fund also tends to lose value when interest rates rise, as they have this year, Kresnicka said.

47.   The fund tends to avoid big U.S. pharmaceutical companies, though it does hold European drug companies such as Novartis AG and Astra AB.

48.   The fund tends to hold each stock for about a year.

49.   The Franklin fund tends to invest in either small-sized health care companies that are generating above average earnings growth, undiscovered pharmaceutical companies or promising biotechnology firms.

50.   The fund tends to make concentrated bets.