41.   Jose Padilla was a former street gang member who spent a stretch in prison for armed robbery and another term behind bars for opening fire on a motorist.

42.   Lawyers for Robertson and the other defendants questioned the credibility of former gang member Rick Lynn Knouse, one of the defendants who testified for the prosecution.

43.   One morning, Ms. Samuels gathered all the former gang members together.

44.   The investigation went cold until a year ago, when a former gang member committed suicide and left police an audio tape with information about the Allen shooting.

45.   The U.S. Supreme Court ruled Friday that the government can seek the death penalty for a black former gang leader who contended prosecutors inordinately targeted minorities with capital punishment.

46.   The patient, who has been jailed in the southern port of Pusan since last year, was a former gang leader.

47.   One of the speakers over the weekend for a ceremony for Kuhen was a former gang member who has since reformed.