41.   The existence of such powerful, stormy radio emissions in a celestial object of this kind, called a brown dwarf, is highly unexpected.

42.   The existence of brown dwarfs, which are cool, dim and difficult to observe, was confirmed only five years ago by a team led by Kulkarni.

43.   The first regular brown dwarf was detected by Dr. Gibor Basri, an astronomer at the University of California at Berkeley.

44.   The first sightings of the brown dwarf were made a year ago by astronomers from Caltech and Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.

45.   The object is a brown dwarf, the name given to what are thought to be failed stars that lacked the mass to ignite their nuclear furnaces.

46.   The students happened to have the array trained on the brown dwarf when it flared.

47.   The techniques for searching out brown dwarfs and examining their characteristics could also be applied to the search for planetary systems around other stars.

48.   Therefore, it is most likely a brown dwarf.

49.   They also appear not to fit the usual description of failed stars, known as brown dwarfs.

50.   They are known as brown dwarfs, or failed stars.