41.   It was up to the court, she wrote, to determine whether to apply the standard retroactively.

42.   Looking to that precedent, then, it seems prudent to apply similar standards when the population of states drastically diminish.

43.   Ms. Alexander then decided to apply that standard across the board.

44.   Now, when those standards are applied to his actions and business deals, he explodes in righteous indignation.

45.   Nowhere in the ruling did the court say that such standards would be applied.

46.   One occasion when she did came during a discussion of applying competency standards, perhaps national in scope, to schoolteachers.

47.   Others say that if contemporary standards were applied to past presidents, most would fail to measure up.

48.   Precisely because the Web or e-mail can send a lie around the world in seconds, electronic journalists must apply traditional standards of news judgment more strictly than ever.

49.   Several states plan to apply similar standards to commercial HMO contracts.

50.   She applies similar standards to her own collection, most tellingly her gently structured urban nomad coat, made of stormproof nylon bonded to alpaca.