31.   Derivatives are financial instruments, such as futures and options, based on the price of underlying assets, such as currencies, stocks or bonds.

32.   Derivatives are sometimes-volatile financial contracts linked to underlying assets such as stocks, bonds, or currencies.

33.   Derivatives rely on the performance of stocks, bonds or currencies without actually having to own the underlying assets.

34.   For the contracts not traded on an exchange, the prime measure is notional value, or the amount of the underlying asset on which they are based.

35.   General partners collected a management fee to oversee the investments, and investors expected to get regular distributions and appreciated value from the underlying assets.

36.   He explained that the gains came from transactions with customers in areas of the country where Calpine had no underlying assets.

37.   Higher rates can also weaken a currency by reducing the appeal of underlying assets.

38.   Holders of the tracking stock share in the earnings of Hughes without owning the underlying assets.

39.   If stock or real-estate prices get way above the value of underlying assets, they sooner or later come down to earth with a thud.

40.   In a swap, two parties agree to exchange payments based on the movements of interest rates, exchange rates or an underlying asset such as stocks or commodities.