31.   The threats to birds are real.

32.   There were threats of resignation over what some saw as an issue of academic freedom.

33.   The threat must be one which puts the victim then and there in fear of force.

34.   If the threat is one of violence, blackmail may be classified both as a property offence and a crime against the person.

35.   In blackmail the demand must be to make a gain or loss, whereas in robbery the threat is made to get property.

36.   After the Act she might have believed that she had reasonable grounds for making her demand and that her threat was a proper means of reinforcing the demand.

37.   The threat must be an unlawful one.

38.   Clearly such inefficiency is incompatible with perfect competition where the competitive threat would be sufficient to remove any less efficient firm.

39.   The threat may be loss or disappointment concerning a cherished idea or aspiration, object, person or role.

40.   To a younger worker who had not yet specialised and could more easily be re-employed without seriously losing status, the threat might be less serious.