31.   The top three are calculated by subtracting the percentage of those who are pessimistic about the economy from those who are optimistic.

32.   The survey is calculated by subtracting the percentage of respondents who expect a decrease from those looking for an increase.

33.   They are calculated by subtracting the percentage of companies that feel pessimistic about economic conditions from those who feel optimistic.

34.   The index is calculated by subtracting the percentage of companies expecting worse business conditions from those forecasting improved conditions.

35.   The results were calculated by subtracting first-quarter earnings from half-year numbers.