31.   Being fit demonstrated a protective effect against other risk factors.

32.   Beta carotene in foods showed no protective effect against prostate cancer in the Harvard study, published in the current issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

33.   A growing body of data shows that closeness with other people has a strong protective effect against illness and death.

34.   A study by Michigan State University scientists suggesting the protective effect was described at an industry-financed symposium on the role of soy in preventing chronic disease.

35.   But in July, British researchers reported that they found no protective effect in several thousand women who took tamoxifen.

36.   But many top scientists are becoming convinced that the evidence of a protective effect is compelling.

37.   But why a pill would exert its protective effects on certain areas and not others is a scientific mystery.

38.   Contrary to their expectations, nitric oxide apparently exerted a protective effect, the researchers concluded.

39.   Earlier research suggests that the protective effects of the new regimen persist for at least six months.

40.   Even if some distant Jupiters are in stable, circular orbits, Ward said, other factors might overwhelm their protective effect and demolish any life.