31.   If they were modern humans, then the surprise is that they had penetrated so far north in such a short time.

32.   In body and brain size, these cave dwellers were definitely anatomically modern humans.

33.   In that case, it might even be a more direct ancestral line leading to modern humans.

34.   In particular, they said, the results suggested a single place of origin for modern humans.

35.   Indeed, one can demonstrate scientifically that biological evolution continues, even now, in modern humans.

36.   Ironically, Fisher notes, modern humans are harking back to their ancient origins in another way.

37.   It also indicates that the Neanderthals split off much earlier from the hominid line than modern humans did.

38.   It suggests that Neanderthals did not interbreed with modern humans.

39.   It may even mean that Neanderthals could actually have been anatomically modern humans who were pathologically altered by iodine-deficiency diseases, like cretinism.

40.   Klein believes an important distinction can be discerned in the archaeological record between what he calls anatomically modern humans and behaviorally modern humans.