31.   The action leaves unanswered questions about whether official-English laws violate constitutional free-speech protections.

32.   The ACLU argued the law violated the constitutional right to assemble.

33.   The American Civil Liberties Union and other groups sued, arguing that the law violates the First Amendment.

34.   The central question facing the court is whether the state law violates the Voting Rights Act, which outlaws any practice that disfranchises voters because of race.

35.   The company also contended that the law violates the Constitution by penalizing only the Baby Bells.

36.   The company argued that the law violated its First Amendment right to free speech.

37.   The court rejected arguments from state legislators who said the law violates the right of California residents to support their chosen candidates.

38.   The department has been investigating whether the school governance law violates the federal Voting Rights Act, but the mayor contended that the act was not applicable.

39.   The court declared that the North Carolina law violated the commerce clause of the Constitution because it penalized out-of-state companies and hindered them from raising capital.

40.   The chief justice said the law violated basic liberties.