31.   There had been many injuries due to frostbite.

32.   It was not sufficient that any bystander would on those facts have realised that some injury was inevitable.

33.   Broadly speaking, provided the plaintiff can establish that personal injury was reasonably foreseeable as a real risk, the damage is not too remote.

34.   His injuries were worse than they would have been if he had been wearing a seat belt.

35.   If the injury was due to the state of repair of the structure, the water authority would be the relevant occupier.

36.   It was held that the plaintiff had to show it was more probable than not that the injury was due to faulty manufacture.

37.   The injury must be of the kind that does not normally happen unless there is negligence.

38.   If the injury sustained was an inherent risk of the procedure, then the doctrine will be inapplicable.

39.   As this is a form of trespass the injury must be direct rather than consequential.

40.   There is no way in which it can be said that such-and-such an injury is worth so much in terms of money.